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362f781e1c
For example, -Dnl80211,wext could be used to automatically select between nl80211 and wext. The first driver wrapper that is able to initialize the interface will be used.
828 lines
24 KiB
Plaintext
828 lines
24 KiB
Plaintext
<!doctype refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.1//EN">
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<refentry>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>wpa_supplicant</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>wpa_supplicant</refname>
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<refpurpose>Wi-Fi Protected Access client and IEEE 802.1X supplicant</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>wpa_supplicant</command>
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<arg>-BddfhKLqqtuvW</arg>
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<arg>-i<replaceable>ifname</replaceable></arg>
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<arg>-c<replaceable>config file</replaceable></arg>
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<arg>-D<replaceable>driver</replaceable></arg>
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<arg>-P<replaceable>PID_file</replaceable></arg>
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<arg>-f<replaceable>output file</replaceable></arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Overview</title>
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<para>
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Wireless networks do not require physical access to the network equipment
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in the same way as wired networks. This makes it easier for unauthorized
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users to passively monitor a network and capture all transmitted frames.
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In addition, unauthorized use of the network is much easier. In many cases,
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this can happen even without user's explicit knowledge since the wireless
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LAN adapter may have been configured to automatically join any available
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network.
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</para>
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<para>
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Link-layer encryption can be used to provide a layer of security for
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wireless networks. The original wireless LAN standard, IEEE 802.11,
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included a simple encryption mechanism, WEP. However, that proved to
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be flawed in many areas and network protected with WEP cannot be consider
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secure. IEEE 802.1X authentication and frequently changed dynamic WEP keys
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can be used to improve the network security, but even that has inherited
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security issues due to the use of WEP for encryption. Wi-Fi Protected
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Access and IEEE 802.11i amendment to the wireless LAN standard introduce
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a much improvement mechanism for securing wireless networks. IEEE 802.11i
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enabled networks that are using CCMP (encryption mechanism based on strong
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cryptographic algorithm AES) can finally be called secure used for
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applications which require efficient protection against unauthorized
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access.
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</para>
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<para><command>wpa_supplicant</command> is an implementation of
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the WPA Supplicant component, i.e., the part that runs in the
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client stations. It implements WPA key negotiation with a WPA
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Authenticator and EAP authentication with Authentication
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Server. In addition, it controls the roaming and IEEE 802.11
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authentication/association of the wireless LAN driver.</para>
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<para><command>wpa_supplicant</command> is designed to be a
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"daemon" program that runs in the background and acts as the
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backend component controlling the wireless
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connection. <command>wpa_supplicant</command> supports separate
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frontend programs and an example text-based frontend,
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<command>wpa_cli</command>, is included with
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wpa_supplicant.</para>
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<para>Before wpa_supplicant can do its work, the network interface
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must be available. That means that the physical device must be
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present and enabled, and the driver for the device must be
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loaded. The daemon will exit immediately if the device is not already
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available.</para>
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<para>After <command>wpa_supplicant</command> has configured the
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network device, higher level configuration such as DHCP may
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proceed. There are a variety of ways to integrate wpa_supplicant
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into a machine's networking scripts, a few of which are described
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in sections below.</para>
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<para>The following steps are used when associating with an AP
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using WPA:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para><command>wpa_supplicant</command> requests the kernel
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driver to scan neighboring BSSes</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><command>wpa_supplicant</command> selects a BSS based on
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its configuration</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><command>wpa_supplicant</command> requests the kernel
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driver to associate with the chosen BSS</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>If WPA-EAP: integrated IEEE 802.1X Supplicant
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completes EAP authentication with the
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authentication server (proxied by the Authenticator in the
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AP)</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>If WPA-EAP: master key is received from the IEEE 802.1X
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Supplicant</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>If WPA-PSK: <command>wpa_supplicant</command> uses PSK
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as the master session key</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><command>wpa_supplicant</command> completes WPA 4-Way
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Handshake and Group Key Handshake with the Authenticator
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(AP)</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><command>wpa_supplicant</command> configures encryption
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keys for unicast and broadcast</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>normal data packets can be transmitted and received</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Supported Features</title>
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<para>Supported WPA/IEEE 802.11i features:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>WPA-PSK ("WPA-Personal")</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>WPA with EAP (e.g., with RADIUS authentication server)
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("WPA-Enterprise") Following authentication methods are
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supported with an integrate IEEE 802.1X Supplicant:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>EAP-TLS</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>EAP-PEAP/MSCHAPv2 (both PEAPv0 and PEAPv1)</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>EAP-PEAP/TLS (both PEAPv0 and PEAPv1)</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>EAP-PEAP/GTC (both PEAPv0 and PEAPv1)</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>EAP-PEAP/OTP (both PEAPv0 and PEAPv1)</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>EAP-PEAP/MD5-Challenge (both PEAPv0 and PEAPv1)</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>EAP-TTLS/EAP-MD5-Challenge</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>EAP-TTLS/EAP-GTC</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem><para>EAP-TTLS/EAP-OTP</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>EAP-TTLS/EAP-MSCHAPv2</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>EAP-TTLS/EAP-TLS</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>EAP-TTLS/MSCHAPv2</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>EAP-TTLS/MSCHAP</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>EAP-TTLS/PAP</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>EAP-TTLS/CHAP</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>EAP-SIM</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>EAP-AKA</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>EAP-PSK</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>EAP-PAX</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>LEAP (note: requires special support from
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the driver for IEEE 802.11 authentication)</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>(following methods are supported, but since
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they do not generate keying material, they cannot be used
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with WPA or IEEE 802.1X WEP keying)</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>EAP-MD5-Challenge </para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>EAP-MSCHAPv2</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>EAP-GTC</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>EAP-OTP</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>key management for CCMP, TKIP, WEP104, WEP40</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>RSN/WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i)</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>pre-authentication</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>PMKSA caching</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Available Drivers</title>
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<para>A summary of available driver backends is below. Support for each
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of the driver backends is chosen at wpa_supplicant compile time. For a
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list of supported driver backends that may be used with the -D option on
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your system, refer to the help output of wpa_supplicant
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(<emphasis>wpa_supplicant -h</emphasis>).</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>hostap</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>(default) Host AP driver (Intersil Prism2/2.5/3).
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(this can also be used with Linuxant DriverLoader).</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>hermes</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Agere Systems Inc. driver (Hermes-I/Hermes-II).</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>madwifi</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>MADWIFI 802.11 support (Atheros, etc.).</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>atmel</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>ATMEL AT76C5XXx (USB, PCMCIA).</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>wext</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Linux wireless extensions (generic).</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>ndiswrapper</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Linux ndiswrapper.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>broadcom</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Broadcom wl.o driver.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>ipw</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Intel ipw2100/2200 driver.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>wired</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>wpa_supplicant wired Ethernet driver</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>roboswitch</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>wpa_supplicant Broadcom switch driver</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>bsd</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>BSD 802.11 support (Atheros, etc.).</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>ndis</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Windows NDIS driver.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Command Line Options</title>
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<para>Most command line options have global scope. Some are given per
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interface, and are only valid if at least one <option>-i</option> option
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is specified, otherwise they're ignored. Option groups for different
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interfaces must be separated by <option>-N</option> option.</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>-b br_ifname</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Optional bridge interface name. (Per interface)</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>-B</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Run daemon in the background.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>-c filename</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Path to configuration file. (Per interface)</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>-C ctrl_interface</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Path to ctrl_interface socket (Per interface. Only used if
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<option>-c</option> is not).</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>-i ifname</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Interface to listen on. Multiple instances of this option can
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be present, one per interface, separated by <option>-N</option>
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option (see below).</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>-d</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Increase debugging verbosity (<option>-dd</option> even
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more).</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>-D driver</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Driver to use (can be multiple drivers: nl80211,wext).
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(Per interface, see the available options below.)</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>-f output file</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Log output to specified file instead of stdout.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>-g global ctrl_interface</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Path to global ctrl_interface socket. If specified, interface
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definitions may be omitted.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>-K</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Include keys (passwords, etc.) in debug output.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>-t</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Include timestamp in debug messages.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>-h</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Help. Show a usage message.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>-L</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Show license (GPL and BSD).</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>-p</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Driver parameters. (Per interface)</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>-P PID_file</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Path to PID file.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>-q</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Decrease debugging verbosity (<option>-qq</option> even
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less).</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>-u</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Enabled DBus control interface. If enabled, interface
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definitions may be omitted.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>-v</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Show version.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>-W</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Wait for a control interface monitor before starting.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>-N</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Start describing new interface.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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|
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<refsect1>
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|
<title>Examples</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>In most common cases, <command>wpa_supplicant</command> is
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started with:</para>
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|
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<blockquote><programlisting>
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wpa_supplicant -B -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf -iwlan0
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</programlisting></blockquote>
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<para>This makes the process fork into background.</para>
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<para>The easiest way to debug problems, and to get debug log for
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bug reports, is to start <command>wpa_supplicant</command> on
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foreground with debugging enabled:</para>
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|
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<blockquote><programlisting>
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wpa_supplicant -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf -iwlan0 -d
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</programlisting></blockquote>
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|
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<para>If the specific driver wrapper is not known beforehand, it is
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possible to specify multiple comma separated driver wrappers on the command
|
|
line. <command>wpa_supplicant</command> will use the first driver
|
|
wrapper that is able to initialize the interface.</para>
|
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|
|
<blockquote><programlisting>
|
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wpa_supplicant -Dnl80211,wext -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf -iwlan0
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</programlisting></blockquote>
|
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|
|
<para><command>wpa_supplicant</command> can control multiple
|
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interfaces (radios) either by running one process for each
|
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interface separately or by running just one process and list of
|
|
options at command line. Each interface is separated with -N
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argument. As an example, following command would start
|
|
wpa_supplicant for two interfaces:</para>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote><programlisting>
|
|
wpa_supplicant \
|
|
-c wpa1.conf -i wlan0 -D hostap -N \
|
|
-c wpa2.conf -i ath0 -D madwifi
|
|
</programlisting></blockquote>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>OS Requirements</title>
|
|
<para>Current hardware/software requirements:</para>
|
|
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Linux kernel 2.4.x or 2.6.x with Linux Wireless
|
|
Extensions v15 or newer</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>FreeBSD 6-CURRENT</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Microsoft Windows with WinPcap (at least WinXP, may work
|
|
with other versions)</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>Supported Drivers</title>
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>Host AP driver for Prism2/2.5/3 (development
|
|
snapshot/v0.2.x)</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para> (http://hostap.epitest.fi/) Driver needs to be set in
|
|
Managed mode (<emphasis>iwconfig wlan0 mode managed</emphasis>).
|
|
Please note that station firmware version needs to be 1.7.0 or
|
|
newer to work in WPA mode.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>Linuxant DriverLoader</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>(http://www.linuxant.com/driverloader/)
|
|
with Windows NDIS driver for your wlan card supporting WPA.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>Agere Systems Inc. Linux Driver</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para> (http://www.agere.com/support/drivers/) Please note
|
|
that the driver interface file (driver_hermes.c) and hardware
|
|
specific include files are not included in the wpa_supplicant
|
|
distribution. You will need to copy these from the source
|
|
package of the Agere driver.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>madwifi driver for cards based on Atheros chip set (ar521x)</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para> (http://sourceforge.net/projects/madwifi/) Please
|
|
note that you will need to modify the wpa_supplicant .config
|
|
file to use the correct path for the madwifi driver root
|
|
directory (CFLAGS += -I../madwifi/wpa line in example
|
|
defconfig).</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>ATMEL AT76C5XXx driver for USB and PCMCIA cards</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para> (http://atmelwlandriver.sourceforge.net/).</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>Linux ndiswrapper</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para> (http://ndiswrapper.sourceforge.net/) with Windows
|
|
NDIS driver.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>Broadcom wl.o driver</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para> This is a generic Linux driver for Broadcom IEEE
|
|
802.11a/g cards. However, it is proprietary driver that is
|
|
not publicly available except for couple of exceptions, mainly
|
|
Broadcom-based APs/wireless routers that use Linux. The driver
|
|
binary can be downloaded, e.g., from Linksys support site
|
|
(http://www.linksys.com/support/gpl.asp) for Linksys
|
|
WRT54G. The GPL tarball includes cross-compiler and the needed
|
|
header file, wlioctl.h, for compiling wpa_supplicant. This
|
|
driver support in wpa_supplicant is expected to work also with
|
|
other devices based on Broadcom driver (assuming the driver
|
|
includes client mode support).</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term> Intel ipw2100 driver</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para> (http://sourceforge.net/projects/ipw2100/)</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>Intel ipw2200 driver</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para> (http://sourceforge.net/projects/ipw2200/)</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>Linux wireless extensions</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>In theory, any driver that supports Linux wireless
|
|
extensions can be used with IEEE 802.1X (i.e., not WPA) when
|
|
using ap_scan=0 option in configuration file.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>Wired Ethernet drivers</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Use ap_scan=0.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>BSD net80211 layer (e.g., Atheros driver)</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>At the moment, this is for FreeBSD 6-CURRENT branch.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term>Windows NDIS</term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The current Windows port requires WinPcap
|
|
(http://winpcap.polito.it/). See README-Windows.txt for more
|
|
information.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<para>wpa_supplicant was designed to be portable for different
|
|
drivers and operating systems. Hopefully, support for more wlan
|
|
cards and OSes will be added in the future. See developer.txt for
|
|
more information about the design of wpa_supplicant and porting to
|
|
other drivers. One main goal is to add full WPA/WPA2 support to
|
|
Linux wireless extensions to allow new drivers to be supported
|
|
without having to implement new driver-specific interface code in
|
|
wpa_supplicant.</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>Architecture</title> <para>The
|
|
<command>wpa_supplicant</command> system consists of the following
|
|
components:</para>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><filename>wpa_supplicant.conf</filename> </term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>the configuration file describing all networks that the
|
|
user wants the computer to connect to. </para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><command>wpa_supplicant</command></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>the program that directly interacts with the
|
|
network interface. </para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><command>wpa_cli</command></term> <listitem><para> the
|
|
client program that provides a high-level interface to the
|
|
functionality of the daemon. </para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><command>wpa_passphrase</command></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>a utility needed to construct
|
|
<filename>wpa_supplicant.conf</filename> files that include
|
|
encrypted passwords.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>Quick Start</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>First, make a configuration file, e.g.
|
|
<filename>/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf</filename>, that describes the networks
|
|
you are interested in. See <citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>wpa_supplicant.conf</refentrytitle>
|
|
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>
|
|
for details.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Once the configuration is ready, you can test whether the
|
|
configuration works by running <command>wpa_supplicant</command>
|
|
with following command to start it on foreground with debugging
|
|
enabled:</para>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote><programlisting>
|
|
wpa_supplicant -iwlan0 -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf -d
|
|
</programlisting></blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<para>Assuming everything goes fine, you can start using following
|
|
command to start <command>wpa_supplicant</command> on background
|
|
without debugging:</para>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote><programlisting>
|
|
wpa_supplicant -iwlan0 -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf -B
|
|
</programlisting></blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<para>Please note that if you included more than one driver
|
|
interface in the build time configuration (.config), you may need
|
|
to specify which interface to use by including -D<driver
|
|
name> option on the command line.</para>
|
|
|
|
<!-- XXX at this point, the page could include a little script
|
|
based on wpa_cli to wait for a connection and then run
|
|
dhclient -->
|
|
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>Interface to pcmcia-cs/cardmrg</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>For example, following small changes to pcmcia-cs scripts
|
|
can be used to enable WPA support:</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Add MODE="Managed" and WPA="y" to the network scheme in
|
|
<filename>/etc/pcmcia/wireless.opts</filename>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Add the following block to the end of <emphasis>start</emphasis>
|
|
action handler in <filename>/etc/pcmcia/wireless</filename>:</para>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote><programlisting>
|
|
if [ "$WPA" = "y" -a -x /usr/local/bin/wpa_supplicant ]; then
|
|
/usr/local/bin/wpa_supplicant -B -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf -i$DEVICE
|
|
fi
|
|
</programlisting></blockquote>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<para>Add the following block to the end of <emphasis>stop</emphasis>
|
|
action handler (may need to be separated from other actions) in
|
|
<filename>/etc/pcmcia/wireless</filename>:</para>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote><programlisting>
|
|
if [ "$WPA" = "y" -a -x /usr/local/bin/wpa_supplicant ]; then
|
|
killall wpa_supplicant
|
|
fi
|
|
</programlisting></blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<para>This will make <command>cardmgr</command> start
|
|
<command>wpa_supplicant</command> when the card is plugged
|
|
in.</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>See Also</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>wpa_background</refentrytitle>
|
|
<manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>wpa_supplicant.conf</refentrytitle>
|
|
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>wpa_cli</refentrytitle>
|
|
<manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>
|
|
<citerefentry>
|
|
<refentrytitle>wpa_passphrase</refentrytitle>
|
|
<manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
|
|
</citerefentry>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>Legal</title>
|
|
<para>wpa_supplicant is copyright (c) 2003-2007,
|
|
Jouni Malinen <email>j@w1.fi</email> and
|
|
contributors.
|
|
All Rights Reserved.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>This program is dual-licensed under both the GPL version 2
|
|
and BSD license. Either license may be used at your option.</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
</refentry>
|