fragattacks/tests/hwsim/test_pmksa_cache.py
Jouni Malinen cac5526390 tests: Report ROAM failure in pmksa_cache_opportunistic_multiple_sta
There is no need to wait for the timeout if the ROAM command itself
failed. This could happen if an earlier test case had left hidden SSIDs
in the cfg80211 BSS table.

Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
2014-12-20 13:37:08 +02:00

547 lines
22 KiB
Python

# WPA2-Enterprise PMKSA caching tests
# Copyright (c) 2013-2014, Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
#
# This software may be distributed under the terms of the BSD license.
# See README for more details.
import logging
logger = logging.getLogger()
import subprocess
import time
import hostapd
from wpasupplicant import WpaSupplicant
from test_ap_eap import eap_connect
def test_pmksa_cache_on_roam_back(dev, apdev):
"""PMKSA cache to skip EAP on reassociation back to same AP"""
params = hostapd.wpa2_eap_params(ssid="test-pmksa-cache")
hostapd.add_ap(apdev[0]['ifname'], params)
bssid = apdev[0]['bssid']
dev[0].connect("test-pmksa-cache", proto="RSN", key_mgmt="WPA-EAP",
eap="GPSK", identity="gpsk user",
password="abcdefghijklmnop0123456789abcdef",
scan_freq="2412")
pmksa = dev[0].get_pmksa(bssid)
if pmksa is None:
raise Exception("No PMKSA cache entry created")
if pmksa['opportunistic'] != '0':
raise Exception("Unexpected opportunistic PMKSA cache entry")
hostapd.add_ap(apdev[1]['ifname'], params)
bssid2 = apdev[1]['bssid']
dev[0].dump_monitor()
logger.info("Roam to AP2")
# It can take some time for the second AP to become ready to reply to Probe
# Request frames especially under heavy CPU load, so allow couple of rounds
# of scanning to avoid reporting errors incorrectly just because of scans
# not having seen the target AP.
for i in range(0, 10):
dev[0].scan(freq="2412")
if dev[0].get_bss(bssid2) is not None:
break
logger.info("Scan again to find target AP")
dev[0].request("ROAM " + bssid2)
ev = dev[0].wait_event(["CTRL-EVENT-EAP-SUCCESS"], timeout=10)
if ev is None:
raise Exception("EAP success timed out")
dev[0].wait_connected(timeout=10, error="Roaming timed out")
pmksa2 = dev[0].get_pmksa(bssid2)
if pmksa2 is None:
raise Exception("No PMKSA cache entry found")
if pmksa2['opportunistic'] != '0':
raise Exception("Unexpected opportunistic PMKSA cache entry")
dev[0].dump_monitor()
logger.info("Roam back to AP1")
dev[0].scan(freq="2412")
dev[0].request("ROAM " + bssid)
ev = dev[0].wait_event(["CTRL-EVENT-EAP-STARTED",
"CTRL-EVENT-CONNECTED"], timeout=10)
if ev is None:
raise Exception("Roaming with the AP timed out")
if "CTRL-EVENT-EAP-STARTED" in ev:
raise Exception("Unexpected EAP exchange")
pmksa1b = dev[0].get_pmksa(bssid)
if pmksa1b is None:
raise Exception("No PMKSA cache entry found")
if pmksa['pmkid'] != pmksa1b['pmkid']:
raise Exception("Unexpected PMKID change for AP1")
dev[0].dump_monitor()
if "FAIL" in dev[0].request("PMKSA_FLUSH"):
raise Exception("PMKSA_FLUSH failed")
if dev[0].get_pmksa(bssid) is not None or dev[0].get_pmksa(bssid2) is not None:
raise Exception("PMKSA_FLUSH did not remove PMKSA entries")
dev[0].wait_disconnected(timeout=5)
dev[0].wait_connected(timeout=15, error="Reconnection timed out")
def test_pmksa_cache_opportunistic_only_on_sta(dev, apdev):
"""Opportunistic PMKSA caching enabled only on station"""
params = hostapd.wpa2_eap_params(ssid="test-pmksa-cache")
hostapd.add_ap(apdev[0]['ifname'], params)
bssid = apdev[0]['bssid']
dev[0].connect("test-pmksa-cache", proto="RSN", key_mgmt="WPA-EAP",
eap="GPSK", identity="gpsk user",
password="abcdefghijklmnop0123456789abcdef", okc=True,
scan_freq="2412")
pmksa = dev[0].get_pmksa(bssid)
if pmksa is None:
raise Exception("No PMKSA cache entry created")
if pmksa['opportunistic'] != '0':
raise Exception("Unexpected opportunistic PMKSA cache entry")
hostapd.add_ap(apdev[1]['ifname'], params)
bssid2 = apdev[1]['bssid']
dev[0].dump_monitor()
logger.info("Roam to AP2")
dev[0].scan(freq="2412")
dev[0].request("ROAM " + bssid2)
ev = dev[0].wait_event(["CTRL-EVENT-EAP-SUCCESS"], timeout=10)
if ev is None:
raise Exception("EAP success timed out")
dev[0].wait_connected(timeout=10, error="Roaming timed out")
pmksa2 = dev[0].get_pmksa(bssid2)
if pmksa2 is None:
raise Exception("No PMKSA cache entry found")
if pmksa2['opportunistic'] != '0':
raise Exception("Unexpected opportunistic PMKSA cache entry")
dev[0].dump_monitor()
logger.info("Roam back to AP1")
dev[0].scan(freq="2412")
dev[0].request("ROAM " + bssid)
ev = dev[0].wait_event(["CTRL-EVENT-EAP-STARTED",
"CTRL-EVENT-CONNECTED"], timeout=10)
if ev is None:
raise Exception("Roaming with the AP timed out")
if "CTRL-EVENT-EAP-STARTED" in ev:
raise Exception("Unexpected EAP exchange")
pmksa1b = dev[0].get_pmksa(bssid)
if pmksa1b is None:
raise Exception("No PMKSA cache entry found")
if pmksa['pmkid'] != pmksa1b['pmkid']:
raise Exception("Unexpected PMKID change for AP1")
def test_pmksa_cache_opportunistic(dev, apdev):
"""Opportunistic PMKSA caching"""
params = hostapd.wpa2_eap_params(ssid="test-pmksa-cache")
params['okc'] = "1"
hostapd.add_ap(apdev[0]['ifname'], params)
bssid = apdev[0]['bssid']
dev[0].connect("test-pmksa-cache", proto="RSN", key_mgmt="WPA-EAP",
eap="GPSK", identity="gpsk user",
password="abcdefghijklmnop0123456789abcdef", okc=True,
scan_freq="2412")
pmksa = dev[0].get_pmksa(bssid)
if pmksa is None:
raise Exception("No PMKSA cache entry created")
if pmksa['opportunistic'] != '0':
raise Exception("Unexpected opportunistic PMKSA cache entry")
hostapd.add_ap(apdev[1]['ifname'], params)
bssid2 = apdev[1]['bssid']
dev[0].dump_monitor()
logger.info("Roam to AP2")
dev[0].scan(freq="2412")
dev[0].request("ROAM " + bssid2)
ev = dev[0].wait_event(["CTRL-EVENT-EAP-STARTED",
"CTRL-EVENT-CONNECTED"], timeout=10)
if ev is None:
raise Exception("Roaming with the AP timed out")
if "CTRL-EVENT-EAP-STARTED" in ev:
raise Exception("Unexpected EAP exchange")
pmksa2 = dev[0].get_pmksa(bssid2)
if pmksa2 is None:
raise Exception("No PMKSA cache entry created")
dev[0].dump_monitor()
logger.info("Roam back to AP1")
dev[0].scan(freq="2412")
dev[0].request("ROAM " + bssid)
ev = dev[0].wait_event(["CTRL-EVENT-EAP-STARTED",
"CTRL-EVENT-CONNECTED"], timeout=10)
if ev is None:
raise Exception("Roaming with the AP timed out")
if "CTRL-EVENT-EAP-STARTED" in ev:
raise Exception("Unexpected EAP exchange")
pmksa1b = dev[0].get_pmksa(bssid)
if pmksa1b is None:
raise Exception("No PMKSA cache entry found")
if pmksa['pmkid'] != pmksa1b['pmkid']:
raise Exception("Unexpected PMKID change for AP1")
def test_pmksa_cache_opportunistic_connect(dev, apdev):
"""Opportunistic PMKSA caching with connect API"""
params = hostapd.wpa2_eap_params(ssid="test-pmksa-cache")
params['okc'] = "1"
hostapd.add_ap(apdev[0]['ifname'], params)
bssid = apdev[0]['bssid']
wpas = WpaSupplicant(global_iface='/tmp/wpas-wlan5')
wpas.interface_add("wlan5", drv_params="force_connect_cmd=1")
wpas.connect("test-pmksa-cache", proto="RSN", key_mgmt="WPA-EAP",
eap="GPSK", identity="gpsk user",
password="abcdefghijklmnop0123456789abcdef", okc=True,
scan_freq="2412")
pmksa = wpas.get_pmksa(bssid)
if pmksa is None:
raise Exception("No PMKSA cache entry created")
if pmksa['opportunistic'] != '0':
raise Exception("Unexpected opportunistic PMKSA cache entry")
hostapd.add_ap(apdev[1]['ifname'], params)
bssid2 = apdev[1]['bssid']
wpas.dump_monitor()
logger.info("Roam to AP2")
wpas.scan_for_bss(bssid2, freq="2412")
wpas.request("ROAM " + bssid2)
ev = wpas.wait_event(["CTRL-EVENT-EAP-STARTED",
"CTRL-EVENT-CONNECTED"], timeout=10)
if ev is None:
raise Exception("Roaming with the AP timed out")
if "CTRL-EVENT-EAP-STARTED" in ev:
raise Exception("Unexpected EAP exchange")
pmksa2 = wpas.get_pmksa(bssid2)
if pmksa2 is None:
raise Exception("No PMKSA cache entry created")
wpas.dump_monitor()
logger.info("Roam back to AP1")
wpas.scan(freq="2412")
wpas.request("ROAM " + bssid)
ev = wpas.wait_event(["CTRL-EVENT-EAP-STARTED",
"CTRL-EVENT-CONNECTED"], timeout=10)
if ev is None:
raise Exception("Roaming with the AP timed out")
if "CTRL-EVENT-EAP-STARTED" in ev:
raise Exception("Unexpected EAP exchange")
pmksa1b = wpas.get_pmksa(bssid)
if pmksa1b is None:
raise Exception("No PMKSA cache entry found")
if pmksa['pmkid'] != pmksa1b['pmkid']:
raise Exception("Unexpected PMKID change for AP1")
def test_pmksa_cache_expiration(dev, apdev):
"""PMKSA cache entry expiration"""
params = hostapd.wpa2_eap_params(ssid="test-pmksa-cache")
hostapd.add_ap(apdev[0]['ifname'], params)
bssid = apdev[0]['bssid']
dev[0].request("SET dot11RSNAConfigPMKLifetime 10")
dev[0].connect("test-pmksa-cache", proto="RSN", key_mgmt="WPA-EAP",
eap="GPSK", identity="gpsk user",
password="abcdefghijklmnop0123456789abcdef",
scan_freq="2412")
pmksa = dev[0].get_pmksa(bssid)
if pmksa is None:
raise Exception("No PMKSA cache entry created")
logger.info("Wait for PMKSA cache entry to expire")
ev = dev[0].wait_event(["WPA: Key negotiation completed",
"CTRL-EVENT-DISCONNECTED"], timeout=15)
if ev is None:
raise Exception("No EAP reauthentication seen")
if "CTRL-EVENT-DISCONNECTED" in ev:
raise Exception("Unexpected disconnection")
pmksa2 = dev[0].get_pmksa(bssid)
if pmksa['pmkid'] == pmksa2['pmkid']:
raise Exception("PMKID did not change")
def test_pmksa_cache_expiration_disconnect(dev, apdev):
"""PMKSA cache entry expiration (disconnect)"""
params = hostapd.wpa2_eap_params(ssid="test-pmksa-cache")
hapd = hostapd.add_ap(apdev[0]['ifname'], params)
bssid = apdev[0]['bssid']
dev[0].request("SET dot11RSNAConfigPMKLifetime 2")
dev[0].request("SET dot11RSNAConfigPMKReauthThreshold 100")
dev[0].connect("test-pmksa-cache", proto="RSN", key_mgmt="WPA-EAP",
eap="GPSK", identity="gpsk user",
password="abcdefghijklmnop0123456789abcdef",
scan_freq="2412")
pmksa = dev[0].get_pmksa(bssid)
if pmksa is None:
raise Exception("No PMKSA cache entry created")
hapd.request("SET auth_server_shared_secret incorrect")
logger.info("Wait for PMKSA cache entry to expire")
ev = dev[0].wait_event(["WPA: Key negotiation completed",
"CTRL-EVENT-DISCONNECTED"], timeout=15)
if ev is None:
raise Exception("No EAP reauthentication seen")
if "CTRL-EVENT-DISCONNECTED" not in ev:
raise Exception("Missing disconnection")
hapd.request("SET auth_server_shared_secret radius")
ev = dev[0].wait_event(["WPA: Key negotiation completed"], timeout=15)
if ev is None:
raise Exception("No EAP reauthentication seen")
pmksa2 = dev[0].get_pmksa(bssid)
if pmksa['pmkid'] == pmksa2['pmkid']:
raise Exception("PMKID did not change")
def test_pmksa_cache_and_cui(dev, apdev):
"""PMKSA cache and Chargeable-User-Identity"""
params = hostapd.wpa2_eap_params(ssid="cui")
params['radius_request_cui'] = '1'
params['acct_server_addr'] = "127.0.0.1"
params['acct_server_port'] = "1813"
params['acct_server_shared_secret'] = "radius"
hostapd.add_ap(apdev[0]['ifname'], params)
bssid = apdev[0]['bssid']
dev[0].connect("cui", proto="RSN", key_mgmt="WPA-EAP",
eap="GPSK", identity="gpsk-cui",
password="abcdefghijklmnop0123456789abcdef",
scan_freq="2412")
pmksa = dev[0].get_pmksa(bssid)
if pmksa is None:
raise Exception("No PMKSA cache entry created")
dev[0].dump_monitor()
logger.info("Disconnect and reconnect to the same AP")
dev[0].request("DISCONNECT")
dev[0].request("RECONNECT")
ev = dev[0].wait_event(["CTRL-EVENT-EAP-STARTED",
"CTRL-EVENT-CONNECTED"], timeout=10)
if ev is None:
raise Exception("Reconnect timed out")
if "CTRL-EVENT-EAP-STARTED" in ev:
raise Exception("Unexpected EAP exchange")
pmksa1b = dev[0].get_pmksa(bssid)
if pmksa1b is None:
raise Exception("No PMKSA cache entry found")
if pmksa['pmkid'] != pmksa1b['pmkid']:
raise Exception("Unexpected PMKID change for AP1")
dev[0].request("REAUTHENTICATE")
ev = dev[0].wait_event(["CTRL-EVENT-EAP-SUCCESS"], timeout=10)
if ev is None:
raise Exception("EAP success timed out")
for i in range(0, 20):
state = dev[0].get_status_field("wpa_state")
if state == "COMPLETED":
break
time.sleep(0.1)
if state != "COMPLETED":
raise Exception("Reauthentication did not complete")
def test_pmksa_cache_preauth(dev, apdev):
"""RSN pre-authentication to generate PMKSA cache entry"""
try:
params = hostapd.wpa2_eap_params(ssid="test-wpa2-eap")
params['bridge'] = 'ap-br0'
hostapd.add_ap(apdev[0]['ifname'], params)
subprocess.call(['sudo', 'brctl', 'setfd', 'ap-br0', '0'])
subprocess.call(['sudo', 'ip', 'link', 'set', 'dev', 'ap-br0', 'up'])
eap_connect(dev[0], apdev[0], "PAX", "pax.user@example.com",
password_hex="0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef")
params = hostapd.wpa2_eap_params(ssid="test-wpa2-eap")
params['bridge'] = 'ap-br0'
params['rsn_preauth'] = '1'
params['rsn_preauth_interfaces'] = 'ap-br0'
hostapd.add_ap(apdev[1]['ifname'], params)
bssid1 = apdev[1]['bssid']
dev[0].scan(freq="2412")
success = False
status_seen = False
for i in range(0, 50):
if not status_seen:
status = dev[0].request("STATUS")
if "Pre-authentication EAPOL state machines:" in status:
status_seen = True
time.sleep(0.1)
pmksa = dev[0].get_pmksa(bssid1)
if pmksa:
success = True
break
if not success:
raise Exception("No PMKSA cache entry created from pre-authentication")
if not status_seen:
raise Exception("Pre-authentication EAPOL status was not available")
dev[0].scan(freq="2412")
if "[WPA2-EAP-CCMP-preauth]" not in dev[0].request("SCAN_RESULTS"):
raise Exception("Scan results missing RSN element info")
dev[0].request("ROAM " + bssid1)
ev = dev[0].wait_event(["CTRL-EVENT-EAP-STARTED",
"CTRL-EVENT-CONNECTED"], timeout=10)
if ev is None:
raise Exception("Roaming with the AP timed out")
if "CTRL-EVENT-EAP-STARTED" in ev:
raise Exception("Unexpected EAP exchange")
pmksa2 = dev[0].get_pmksa(bssid1)
if pmksa2 is None:
raise Exception("No PMKSA cache entry")
if pmksa['pmkid'] != pmksa2['pmkid']:
raise Exception("Unexpected PMKID change")
finally:
subprocess.call(['sudo', 'ip', 'link', 'set', 'dev', 'ap-br0', 'down'])
subprocess.call(['sudo', 'brctl', 'delbr', 'ap-br0'])
def test_pmksa_cache_disabled(dev, apdev):
"""PMKSA cache disabling on AP"""
params = hostapd.wpa2_eap_params(ssid="test-pmksa-cache")
params['disable_pmksa_caching'] = '1'
hostapd.add_ap(apdev[0]['ifname'], params)
bssid = apdev[0]['bssid']
dev[0].connect("test-pmksa-cache", proto="RSN", key_mgmt="WPA-EAP",
eap="GPSK", identity="gpsk user",
password="abcdefghijklmnop0123456789abcdef",
scan_freq="2412")
hostapd.add_ap(apdev[1]['ifname'], params)
bssid2 = apdev[1]['bssid']
dev[0].dump_monitor()
logger.info("Roam to AP2")
dev[0].scan_for_bss(bssid2, freq="2412")
dev[0].request("ROAM " + bssid2)
ev = dev[0].wait_event(["CTRL-EVENT-EAP-SUCCESS"], timeout=10)
if ev is None:
raise Exception("EAP success timed out")
dev[0].wait_connected(timeout=10, error="Roaming timed out")
dev[0].dump_monitor()
logger.info("Roam back to AP1")
dev[0].scan(freq="2412")
dev[0].request("ROAM " + bssid)
ev = dev[0].wait_event(["CTRL-EVENT-EAP-STARTED",
"CTRL-EVENT-CONNECTED"], timeout=20)
if ev is None:
raise Exception("Roaming with the AP timed out")
if "CTRL-EVENT-CONNECTED" in ev:
raise Exception("EAP exchange missing")
ev = dev[0].wait_event(["CTRL-EVENT-CONNECTED"], timeout=20)
if ev is None:
raise Exception("Roaming with the AP timed out")
def test_pmksa_cache_ap_expiration(dev, apdev):
"""PMKSA cache entry expiring on AP"""
params = hostapd.wpa2_eap_params(ssid="test-pmksa-cache")
hostapd.add_ap(apdev[0]['ifname'], params)
bssid = apdev[0]['bssid']
dev[0].connect("test-pmksa-cache", proto="RSN", key_mgmt="WPA-EAP",
eap="GPSK", identity="gpsk-user-session-timeout",
password="abcdefghijklmnop0123456789abcdef",
scan_freq="2412")
dev[0].request("DISCONNECT")
time.sleep(5)
dev[0].dump_monitor()
dev[0].request("RECONNECT")
ev = dev[0].wait_event(["CTRL-EVENT-EAP-STARTED",
"CTRL-EVENT-CONNECTED"], timeout=20)
if ev is None:
raise Exception("Roaming with the AP timed out")
if "CTRL-EVENT-CONNECTED" in ev:
raise Exception("EAP exchange missing")
dev[0].wait_connected(timeout=20, error="Reconnect timed out")
dev[0].dump_monitor()
dev[0].wait_disconnected(timeout=20)
dev[0].wait_connected(timeout=20, error="Reassociation timed out")
def test_pmksa_cache_multiple_sta(dev, apdev):
"""PMKSA cache with multiple stations"""
params = hostapd.wpa2_eap_params(ssid="test-pmksa-cache")
hostapd.add_ap(apdev[0]['ifname'], params)
bssid = apdev[0]['bssid']
dev[0].connect("test-pmksa-cache", proto="RSN", key_mgmt="WPA-EAP",
eap="GPSK", identity="gpsk-user-session-timeout",
password="abcdefghijklmnop0123456789abcdef",
scan_freq="2412")
dev[1].connect("test-pmksa-cache", proto="RSN", key_mgmt="WPA-EAP",
eap="GPSK", identity="gpsk user",
password="abcdefghijklmnop0123456789abcdef",
scan_freq="2412")
dev[2].connect("test-pmksa-cache", proto="RSN", key_mgmt="WPA-EAP",
eap="GPSK", identity="gpsk-user-session-timeout",
password="abcdefghijklmnop0123456789abcdef",
scan_freq="2412")
wpas = WpaSupplicant(global_iface='/tmp/wpas-wlan5')
wpas.interface_add("wlan5")
wpas.connect("test-pmksa-cache", proto="RSN", key_mgmt="WPA-EAP",
eap="GPSK", identity="gpsk user",
password="abcdefghijklmnop0123456789abcdef",
scan_freq="2412")
hostapd.add_ap(apdev[1]['ifname'], params)
bssid2 = apdev[1]['bssid']
logger.info("Roam to AP2")
for sta in [ dev[1], dev[0], dev[2], wpas ]:
sta.dump_monitor()
sta.scan_for_bss(bssid2, freq="2412")
sta.request("ROAM " + bssid2)
ev = sta.wait_event(["CTRL-EVENT-EAP-SUCCESS"], timeout=10)
if ev is None:
raise Exception("EAP success timed out")
sta.wait_connected(timeout=10, error="Roaming timed out")
logger.info("Roam back to AP1")
for sta in [ dev[1], wpas, dev[0], dev[2] ]:
sta.dump_monitor()
sta.scan(freq="2412")
sta.dump_monitor()
sta.request("ROAM " + bssid)
sta.wait_connected(timeout=10, error="Roaming timed out")
sta.dump_monitor()
time.sleep(4)
logger.info("Roam back to AP2")
for sta in [ dev[1], wpas, dev[0], dev[2] ]:
sta.dump_monitor()
sta.scan(freq="2412")
sta.dump_monitor()
sta.request("ROAM " + bssid2)
sta.wait_connected(timeout=10, error="Roaming timed out")
sta.dump_monitor()
def test_pmksa_cache_opportunistic_multiple_sta(dev, apdev):
"""Opportunistic PMKSA caching with multiple stations"""
params = hostapd.wpa2_eap_params(ssid="test-pmksa-cache")
params['okc'] = "1"
hostapd.add_ap(apdev[0]['ifname'], params)
bssid = apdev[0]['bssid']
wpas = WpaSupplicant(global_iface='/tmp/wpas-wlan5')
wpas.interface_add("wlan5")
for sta in [ dev[0], dev[1], dev[2], wpas ]:
sta.connect("test-pmksa-cache", proto="RSN", key_mgmt="WPA-EAP",
eap="GPSK", identity="gpsk user",
password="abcdefghijklmnop0123456789abcdef", okc=True,
scan_freq="2412")
hostapd.add_ap(apdev[1]['ifname'], params)
bssid2 = apdev[1]['bssid']
logger.info("Roam to AP2")
for sta in [ dev[2], dev[0], wpas, dev[1] ]:
sta.dump_monitor()
sta.scan_for_bss(bssid2, freq="2412")
if "OK" not in sta.request("ROAM " + bssid2):
raise Exception("ROAM command failed")
ev = sta.wait_event(["CTRL-EVENT-EAP-STARTED",
"CTRL-EVENT-CONNECTED"], timeout=10)
if ev is None:
raise Exception("Roaming with the AP timed out")
if "CTRL-EVENT-EAP-STARTED" in ev:
raise Exception("Unexpected EAP exchange")
pmksa2 = sta.get_pmksa(bssid2)
if pmksa2 is None:
raise Exception("No PMKSA cache entry created")
logger.info("Roam back to AP1")
for sta in [ dev[0], dev[1], dev[2], wpas ]:
sta.dump_monitor()
sta.scan_for_bss(bssid, freq="2412")
sta.request("ROAM " + bssid)
ev = sta.wait_event(["CTRL-EVENT-EAP-STARTED",
"CTRL-EVENT-CONNECTED"], timeout=10)
if ev is None:
raise Exception("Roaming with the AP timed out")
if "CTRL-EVENT-EAP-STARTED" in ev:
raise Exception("Unexpected EAP exchange")