If HT40 co-ex scan fails due to the driver rejecting scan triggers
multiple times, it was possible for the ap_ht40_scan_retry() timeout
being left behind and it getting run after hapd->drv_priv has been
cleared. This would result in NULL pointer dereference in
driver_nl80211_scan.c. Fix this by canceling the timeout when disabling
the interface.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
Previously, a channel with even a single scan/survey result missing
information was skipped in ACS. This may not be desirable in cases when
multiple scan iterations are used (which is the case by default in
hostapd). Instead, use all channels that provided at least one complete
set of results. Calculate the average interference factor as an average
of the iterations that did provide complete values.
This seems to help with some cases, e.g., when ath9k may not be able to
report the noise floor for all channels from the first scan iteration
immediately after the driver has been loaded, but then returns it for
all other scan iterations.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
The new acs_chan_bias configuration parameter is a space-separated list
of <channel>:<bias> pairs. It can be used to increase (or decrease) the
likelihood of a specific channel to be selected by the ACS algorithm.
The total interference factor for each channel gets multiplied by the
specified bias value before finding the channel with the lowest value.
In other words, values between 0.0 and 1.0 can be used to make a channel
more likely to be picked while values larger than 1.0 make the specified
channel less likely to be picked. This can be used, e.g., to prefer the
commonly used 2.4 GHz band channels 1, 6, and 11 (which is the default
behavior on 2.4 GHz band if no acs_chan_bias parameter is specified).
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
The interference factors for adjacent 2.4 GHz channels were summed
together without doing any kind of weighted average on them. This
resulted in the channels at the band edges getting undue preference due
to only including interference factors from three channels vs. five for
the channels in the middle of the band.
While it is somewhat unclear whether the design here was supposed to
count overlapping channels together in this way or whether that is
already covered in channel survey results, it is clear that this summing
of three to five values together and then comparing the sum rather than
average of some kind gives too much preference to the channels at the
edges of the band by assuming that there is no interference whatsoever
outside the band.
Use weighted average of the interference factors rather than a sum from
different number of values. For now, the adjacent 2.4 GHz channels get
weight of 0.85 (1.0 for the main channel itself) and the neighboring
channels to those adjacent ones get 0.55 weight. Band-edge channels are
handled in a way that takes average over the channels that were actually
considered instead of assuming zero interference from neighboring bands.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
If OBSS scan interval is not set, the AP must not schedule a timeout to
restore 40 MHz operation immediately after having moved to a 20 MHz
channel based on an unsolicited co-ex report. Fix this by scheduling the
timeout only if obss_interval is non-zero.
Since we do not currently support AP doing OBSS scans after the initial
BSS setup, this means practically that 40-to-20 MHz transition is
allowed, but 20-to-40 MHz is not with obss_interval=0. The latter gets
enabled if obss_interval is set to a non-zero value so that associated
STAs can take care of OBSS scanning.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
Use standard numbers-and-dots format for IPv4 in debug logs instead
of hexdump in two different byte orders.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
Previously, the old VLAN ID could have been deleted before the STA was
bound to the new VLAN in case the RADIUS server changed the VLAN ID
during an association. This did not exactly work well with mac80211, so
reorder the operations in a way that first binds the STA to the new VLAN
ID and only after that, removes the old VLAN interface if no STAs remain
in it.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
Previously, it was possible for some corner cases to leave the WPA
authenticator state machine running if PMK could not be derived. Change
this to forcefully disconnect the STA to get more consistent behavior
and faster notification of the error.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
This type of error reporting cases should use wpa_printf() to get
consistent debug logging behavior.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
This modifies struct wpa_ptk to allow the length of KCK and KEK to be
stored. This is needed to allow longer keys to be used, e.g., with
Suite B 192-bit level.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
In ieee802_1x_decapsulate_radius(), eap_server_get_name() may return
NULL, and it could be dereferenced depending on printf implementation.
Change it to return "unknown" instead for the case of no matching EAP
method found. This makes it easier for the callers to simply print this
in logs (which is the only use for this function).
Signed-off-by: Eytan Lifshitz <eytan.lifshitz@intel.com>
Add the possibility to define a subset of channels used by the ACS
engine when not operating on DFS channels.
Signed-off-by: Adrien Decostre <ad.decostre@gmail.com>
If the inactivity check returns that there is no entry remaining for the
STA in the kernel, drop the STA in hostapd as well.
Signed-off-by: Masashi Honma <masashi.honma@gmail.com>
This extends Disconnect-Request processing to check against PMKSA cache
entries if no active session (STA association) match the request.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
dot1xAuthSessionId was previously used to make Acct-Session-Id available
through the control interface. While there is no IEEE 802.1X MIB
variable for Acct-Multi-Session-Id, it is useful to make this value
available as well.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
Previously, the first matching STA was picked. That is not really the
design in RFC 5176, so extend this matching code to go through all
specified session identification attributes and verify that all of them
match. In addition, check for a possible case of multiple sessions
matching. If such a case is detected, return with Disconnect-NAK and
Error-Code 508 (multiple session selection not supported).
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
Commit e7d0e97bdb ('hostapd: Add vendor
specific VHT extension for the 2.4 GHz band') resulted in a compiler
warning regarding comparison between signed and unsigned integers at
least for 32-bit builds.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
This allows vendor specific information element to be used to advertise
support for VHT on 2.4 GHz band. In practice, this is used to enable use
of 256 QAM rates (VHT-MCS 8 and 9) on 2.4 GHz band.
This functionality is disabled by default, but can be enabled with
vendor_vht=1 parameter in hostapd.conf if the driver advertises support
for VHT on either 2.4 or 5 GHz bands.
Signed-off-by: Yanbo Li <yanbol@qti.qualcomm.com>
Add the t0 retransmission timer as specified by IEEE Std 802.11-2012,
11.3.8.4. This makes SAE much more likely to succeed in the case of lost
frames.
Signed-off-by: Bob Copeland <me@bobcopeland.com>
When performing SAE authentication in mesh, one station may
initiate authentication by sending a COMMIT as soon as a peer
candidate is discovered. Previously we did this in mesh_rsn.c,
but this left some of the state initialization in a different
part of the code from the rest of the state machine, and we may
need to add other initializations here in the future, so move
that to a more central function.
Signed-off-by: Bob Copeland <me@bobcopeland.com>
The local conf pointer needs to be cleared once it gets assigned to
hapd_iface to avoid double-free of the configuration data on error path.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
The per-BSS configuration information needs to be freed if hostapd fails
to add a new interface for a BSS added with "ADD bss_config=..."
command.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
If hostapd_alloc_bss_data() failed to allocate the struct hostapd_data
instance, dynamic interface addition path ended up trying to dereference
freed memory due to incorrect cleanup steps. Fix this by decrementing
the interface count when the newly added interface is removed. In
addition, make the setup more robust by clearing all changes within
hostapd_data_alloc() if any of the allocations fails.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
It was possible to add WPS vendor extensions through the D-Bus
WPSVendorExtensions setter, but these extensions were not freed when the
P2P GO was stopped or when replacing previously configured extensions.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
Some of the struct hostapd_data variables get initialized with allocated
memory in the P2P GO case even before hapd->started has been set to 1.
As such, hostapd_free_hapd_data() needs to free these even if
!hapd->stated.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
There is a possible race condition between receiving the
NEW_PEER_CANDIDATE event and the Authentication frame from the peer.
Previously, if the Authentication frame RX event was indicated first,
that frame got dropped silently. Now, this frame is still dropped, but a
copy of it is stored and the frame gets processed on the following
NEW_PEER_CANDIDATE event if that is received for the same peer within
two seconds.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
Commit 587d60d2b7 ('Add AP mode support
for HT 20/40 co-ex Action frame') added processing of co-ex report, but
did not include proper bounds checking or IE type checking for the
payload. Furthermore, this was not ready for the possible extensibility
of the 20/40 BSS Coexistence element.
Fix these by checking IE ids for both elements and doing more
apprioriate bounds checking for the element lengths to avoid potentially
reading beyond the frame buffer. Though, the event receive buffer in
both libnl and driver_nl80211_monitor.c is sufficiently large to make it
very unlikely that the maximum read of about 260 bytes beyond the end of
the Action frame would really have any chances of hitting the end of the
memory buffer, so the practical effect of missing bounds checking would
have been possibly accepting an invalid report frame and moving to 20
MHz channel unnecessarily.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
Commit 5ce3ae4c8f tried to clean up
fetching a pointer to the action code field, but it forgot to add
IEEE80211_HDRLEN to the pointer. This resulted in the coex report
elements being read from too early in the frame.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
These hostapd configuration parameter was left at the default values
(WPA-PSK/TKIP) even for cases where WPA was disabled. While these
parameters are not really used much in non-WPA cases, they do get used
for one corner case in nl80211 configuration to disable encryption of
EAPOL frames in IEEE 802.1X WEP case.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
While other authentication algorithms mark Status Code as being Reserved
in the case of the transaction number 1, SAE does not. Check that the
Status Code indicates success before creating SAE state. In addition,
fix the mesh anti-clogging token request parsing on big endian CPUs.
Transaction number 2 (confirm) can also have non-zero Status Code to
report an error. Those should be processed, but not replied to with yet
another error message. This could happen in mesh case. Avoid a loop of
error messages by dropping the non-success case without additional
response.
In addition, don't reply to unknown transaction numbers if the status
code is non-zero. This avoids a loop of error messages if an invalid
frame where to be injected (or unlikely corruption were to occur).
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
This can be used to drop any pending ERP key from both the internal AP
authentication server and RADIUS server use of hostapd.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
The new hostapd.conf radio_measurements parameter can now be used to
configure a test build to advertise support for radio measurements with
neighbor report enabled. There is no real functionality that would
actually process the request, i.e., this only for the purpose of minimal
STA side testing for now.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
Previously, only WPA + WPA2 was covered. If FT is enabled in addition to
WPA, MDIE is included in the buffer between RSN and WPA elements. The
previous version ended up leaving only the MDIE after having skipped RSN
element. Fix this to skip MDIE as well to leave only WPA IE regardless
of whether FT is enabled in AP configuration.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
This converts os_snprintf() result validation cases to use
os_snprintf_error() in cases where success condition was used to execute
a step. These changes were done automatically with spatch using the
following semantic patch:
@@
expression E1,E2,E3;
statement S1;
@@
E1 = os_snprintf(E2, E3, ...);
- if (\( E1 >= 0 \| E1 > 0 \) && \( (size_t) E1 < E3 \| E1 < (int) E3 \| E1 < E3 \))
+ if (!os_snprintf_error(E3, E1))
S1
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
Previously, the immediate EAPOL authenticator startup was scheduled
without having received EAPOL-Start only for the case where WPA/WPA2 was
enabled. This can be extended to speed up non-WPA/WPA2 cases as well if
the STA includes WPS IE in Association Request frame.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
If "ADD bss_config=" command failed in driver_init() or
hostapd_setup_interface(), some of the allocated resources were not
freed properly.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
Using aes_wrap() to initialize a data structure seemed to be too much
for some static analyzers to understand. Make it obvious that the target
is not just the single struct member. (CID 68111)
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
Using aes_unwrap() to initialize a data structure seemed to be too much
for some static analyzers to understand. Make it obvious that the target
is initialized and that the target is not just the single struct member.
In addition, clean up the design to avoid removal of const with a
typecast. (CID 68112, CID 68134, CID 68135, CID 68136)
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
Commit 16689c7cfc ('hostapd: Allow ACS to
be offloaded to the driver') used incorrect operator to determine
whether HT40 was configured. Fix that to mask the ht_capab bit
correctly. (CID 77286)
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
Derive rRK and rIK on EAP server if ERP is enabled and use these keys to
allow EAP re-authentication to be used and to derive rMSK.
The new hostapd configuration parameter eap_server_erp=1 can now be used
to configure the integrated EAP server to derive EMSK, rRK, and rIK at
the successful completion of an EAP authentication method. This
functionality is not included in the default build and can be enabled
with CONFIG_ERP=y.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
hostapd can now be configured to transmit EAP-Initiate/Re-auth-Start
before EAP-Request/Identity to try to initiate ERP. This is disabled by
default and can be enabled with erp_send_reauth_start=1 and optional
erp_reauth_start_domain=<domain>.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
Using QCA vendor command, allow ACS function to be offloaded to the
driver. Once channels are selected, hostapd is notified to perform OBSS
operation.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
This flag was left in the STA entry for the short duration after the STA
gets deauthenticated. If the STA sends a Class 2 or 3 frame during that
short time, the AP would not have replied with Deauthentication frame
indicating no association is present.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
hostapd was still providing couple of parameters that were used only in
the already removed driver_test.c framework.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
This field needs to be validated in addition to validating the total
length of the received frame to avoid reading beyond the frame buffer.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
Only the NS frames should be checked to be long enough to cover all the
fields used in the NS data structure. This allows shorter RA and NA
frames to be processed for multicast-to-unicast rules.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
l2_packet_send() returns >= 0 on success, i.e., non-zero value does not
mean failure. Fix this debug print to show up only on negative return
values.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
This makes it easier to debug operations. The debug message is marked
EXCESSIVE, though, to avoid filling the logs with too much information
in default debugging cases.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
There is no point in trying to send the unicast converted version to a
STA that is not in authorized state since the driver would be expected
to drop normal TX Data frames in such state.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
These need to be marked packed to avoid issues with compilers
potentially adding padding between the fields (e.g., gcc on 64-bit
seemed to make struct icmpv6_ndmsg two octets too long which broke IPv6
address discovery).
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
This replaces the use of Linux kernel header files (linux/ip.h,
linux/udp.h, linux/ipv6.h, and linux/icmpv6.h) with equivalent header
files from C library. In addition, ndisc_snoop.c is now built
conditionally on CONFIG_IPV6=y so that it is easier to handle hostapd
builds with toolchains that do not support IPv6 even if Hotspot 2.0 is
enabled in the build.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
This commit inserts Finite Cyclic Group to Anti-Clogging Token request
frame because IEEE Std 802.11-2012, Table 8-29 says "Finite Cyclic Group
is present if Status is zero or 76".
Signed-off-by: Masashi Honma <masashi.honma@gmail.com>
The mesh anti-clogging functionality is implemented partially. This
patch fixes to parse anti-clogging request frame and use anti-clogging
token.
Signed-off-by: Masashi Honma <masashi.honma@gmail.com>
This extends the earlier PeerKey station side design to be used on the
AP side as well by passing pointer and already validated length from the
caller rather than parsing the length again from the frame buffer. This
avoids false warnings from static analyzer (CID 62870, CID 62871,
CID 62872).
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
hostapd control interface can now be used to request transmission of a
BSS Transition Management Request frame to a specified station.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
If the 4-way handshake ends up having to retransmit the EAPOL-Key
message 1/4 due to a timeout on waiting for the response, it is possible
for the Supplicant to change SNonce between the first and second
EAPOL-Key message 2/4. This is not really desirable due to extra
complexities it causes on the Authenticator side, but some deployed
stations are doing this.
This message sequence looks like this:
AP->STA: EAPOL-Key 1/4 (replay counter 1, ANonce)
AP->STA: EAPOL-Key 1/4 (replay counter 2, ANonce)
STA->AP: EAPOL-Key 2/4 (replay counter 1, SNonce 1)
AP->STA: EAPOL-Key 3/4 (replay counter 3, ANonce)
STA->AP: EAPOL-Key 2/4 (replay counter 2, SNonce 2)
followed by either:
STA->AP: EAPOL-Key 4/4 (replay counter 3 using PTK from SNonce 1)
or:
AP->STA: EAPOL-Key 3/4 (replay counter 4, ANonce)
STA->AP: EAPOL-Key 4/4 (replay counter 4, using PTK from SNonce 2)
Previously, Authenticator implementation was able to handle the cases
where SNonce 1 and SNonce 2 were identifical (i.e., Supplicant did not
update SNonce which is the wpa_supplicant behavior) and where PTK
derived using SNonce 2 was used in EAPOL-Key 4/4. However, the case of
using PTK from SNonce 1 was rejected ("WPA: received EAPOL-Key 4/4
Pairwise with unexpected replay counter" since EAPOL-Key 3/4 TX and
following second EAPOL-Key 2/4 invalidated the Replay Counter that was
used previously with the first SNonce).
This commit extends the AP/Authenticator workaround to keep both SNonce
values in memory if two EAPOL-Key 2/4 messages are received with
different SNonce values. The following EAPOL-Key 4/4 message is then
accepted whether the MIC has been calculated with the latest SNonce (the
previously existing behavior) or with the earlier SNonce (the new
extension). This makes 4-way handshake more robust with stations that
update SNonce for each transmitted EAPOL-Key 2/4 message in cases where
EAPOL-Key message 1/4 needs to be retransmitted.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <jouni@qca.qualcomm.com>
When DGAF Disable is on, perform multicast-to-unicast for DHCP packets
and Router Advertisement packets. This is a requirement for Hotspot 2.0.
Signed-off-by: Kyeyoon Park <kyeyoonp@qca.qualcomm.com>
This commit establishes the infrastructure, and handles the Neighbor
Solicitation and Neighbor Advertisement frames. This will be extended
in the future to handle other frames.
Signed-off-by: Kyeyoon Park <kyeyoonp@qca.qualcomm.com>
Multicast-to-unicast conversion send will be needed in various part of
Proxy ARP and DGAF Disable.
Signed-off-by: Kyeyoon Park <kyeyoonp@qca.qualcomm.com>
This allows adding/deleting an IPv6 neighbor entry to/from the bridge,
to which the BSS belongs. This commit adds the needed functionality in
driver_nl80211.c for the Linux bridge implementation. In theory, this
could be shared with multiple Linux driver interfaces, but for now, only
the main nl80211 interface is supported.
Signed-off-by: Kyeyoon Park <kyeyoonp@qca.qualcomm.com>
It is possible that a station device might miss an ACK for an
authentication, association, or action frame, and thus retransmit the
same frame although the frame is already being processed in the stack.
While the duplicated frame should really be dropped in the kernel or
firmware code where duplicate detection is implemented for data frames,
it is possible that pre-association cases are not fully addressed (which
is the case at least with mac80211 today) and the frame may be delivered
to upper layer stack.
In such a case, the local AP will process the retransmitted frame although
it has already handled the request, which might cause the station to get
confused and as a result disconnect from the AP, blacklist it, etc.
To avoid such a case, save the sequence control of the last processed
management frame and in case of retransmissions drop them.
Signed-off-by: Ilan Peer <ilan.peer@intel.com>
If DFS implementation was built in, some configurations with drivers
that do not provide mode information could end up dereferencing a NULL
pointer. Fix this by skipping DFS operations in such cases since not
having information about modes and channels means that hostapd could not
perform DFS anyway (i.e., either this is not a wireless driver or the
driver takes care of DFS internally).
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
Commit 7f0303d5b0 ('hostapd: Verify VHT
160/80+80 MHz driver support') added couple of hapd->iface->current_mode
dereferences of which the one in hostapd_set_freq() can be hit with some
configuration files when using driver wrappers that do not have hw_mode
data, i.e., when current_mode is NULL. This could result in segmentation
fault when trying to use driver=wired. Fix this by checking that
current_mode is not NULL before dereferencing it to get vht_capab.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
This patch makes four MIB variables for plink configurable and sets the
correct default values based on IEEE Std 802.11s-2011.
Signed-off-by: Masashi Honma <masashi.honma@gmail.com>
Add timer to do SAE re-authentication with number of tries defined
by MESH_AUTH_RETRY and timeout defined by MESH_AUTH_TIMEOUT.
Ignoring the sending of reply message on "SAE confirm before commit"
to avoid "ping-pong" issues with other mesh nodes. This is obvious when
number of mesh nodes in MBSS reaching 6.
Signed-off-by: Chun-Yeow Yeoh <yeohchunyeow@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Bob Copeland <me@bobcopeland.com>
Add state transition logic to the SAE frame handling in order to more
fully implement the state machine from the IEEE 802.11 standard. Special
cases are needed for infrastructure BSS case to avoid unexpected
Authentication frame sequence by postponing transmission of the second
Authentication frame untile the STA sends its Confirm.
[original patch by: Thomas Pedersen <thomas@noack.us>]
Signed-off-by: Bob Copeland <me@bobcopeland.com>
New kernels in wiphy_suspend() will call cfg80211_leave_all() that will
eventually end up in cfg80211_stop_ap() unless wowlan_triggers were set.
For now, use the parameters from the station mode as-is. It may be
desirable to extend (or constraint) this in the future for specific AP
mode needs.
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Shmidt <dimitrysh@google.com>
This adds support for AKM 00-0F-AC:11 to specify the integrity and
key-wrap algorithms for EAPOL-Key frames using the new design where
descriptor version is set to 0 and algorithms are determined based on
AKM.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
The new AKM uses a different mechanism of deriving the PMKID based on
KCK instead of PMK. hostapd was already doing this after the KCK had
been derived, but wpa_supplicant functionality needs to be moved from
processing of EAPOL-Key frame 1/4 to 3/4 to have the KCK available.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
This adds definitions for the 128-bit level Suite B AKM 00-0F-AC:11. The
functionality itself is not yet complete, i.e., this commit only
includes parts to negotiate the new AKM.
Signed-off-by: Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi>
Some flag already using a bit larger than 32, so extend the hostapd
drv_flags type similarly to the earlier wpa_supplicant change to get the
full flag content.
Signed-off-by: Yanbo Li <yanbol@qti.qualcomm.com>
