diff --git a/research/README.md b/research/README.md index 675467692..607d6e920 100644 --- a/research/README.md +++ b/research/README.md @@ -1,6 +1,4 @@ -This repository contains scripts to test for Wi-Fi fragmentation and aggregation vulnerabilities. - -# Usage +# Fragment and Forge: Breaking Wi-Fi Through Frame Aggregation and Fragmentation ## Supported Network Cards @@ -11,33 +9,41 @@ We have confirmed that the following network cards work properly with our script | Network Card | USB | injection mode | mixed mode | hwsim mode (experimental) | | ---------------------- | --- | ----------------------- | ----------------------- | ------------------------- | -| Intel AX200 | No | ? | ? | ? | +| Intel AX200 | No | _under development_ | _under development_ | _under development_ | | Intel Wireless-AC 8265 | No | yes | patched driver | as client | | Intel Wireless-AC 3160 | No | yes | patched driver/firmware | as client | | Technoethical N150 HGA | Yes | patched driver/firmware | patched driver/firmware | patched driver/firmware | | TP-Link TL-WN722N v1.x | Yes | patched driver/firmware | patched driver/firmware | patched driver/firmware | | Alfa AWUS036NHA | Yes | patched driver/firmware | patched driver/firmware | patched driver/firmware | -| Alfa AWUS036ACM | Yes | ? | ? | ? | -| Alfa AWUS036ACH | Yes | ? | ? | ? | +| Alfa AWUS036ACM | Yes | _under development_ | _under development_ | _under development_ | +| Alfa AWUS036ACH | Yes | _under development_ | _under development_ | _under development_ | | Netgear WN111v2 | Yes | yes | patched driver | yes | The three last colums signify: -1. __Injection mode__: whether the network card can be used as a second interface to inject frames in [injection mode]. +1. Injection mode: whether the network card can be used as a second interface to inject frames in [injection mode](#Injection-mode). -2. __hwsim mode__: whether the network card can be used in [hwsim mode]. +2. Mixed mode: whether the network card can be used in [mixed mode](#Mixed-mode). -3. __Mixed mode__: whether the network card can be used in [mixed mode]. +3. Hwsim mode: whether the network card can be used in [hwsim mode](#Hwsim-mode). +_Yes_ indicates the card works out-of-the-box in the given mode. _Patched driver/firmware_ +means that the card is compatible when used in combination with patched drivers (and firmware). +_As client_ means the mode only works when the test script is acting as a client (i.e. you +when are testing an AP). We recommend the use of the Technoethical N150 HGA in either injection mode or mixed mode. It requires the use of a patched driver and firmware, but since it's a USB dongle this can be -configured inside a virtual machine. If you are unable to find one of the above devices, you -can search for [alternative devices] that have a high chance of also working. +configured inside a virtual machine. If you are unable to find one of the above network cards, +you can search for [alternative network cards](#Alternative-network-cards) that have a high +chance of also working. -Although the AWUS036ACM is a USB dongle, we were unable to reliably use it in a virtual machine. -We only recommend this device when you can natively run Linux. Our live CD can be used for this. -**TODO: On live USB kali it only worked in a USB2 slot. Can we force that in the host/VM?** +During our own tests, the AWUS036ACM dongle only worked properly on Linux when using an USB2.0 +port (both natively and in a virtual machine). So if this network card is not working or being +unreliable, try connecting it to a USB2.0 port. + +If you want to use a network card that is not explicitly support, we strongly recommend to first +run the [injection tests](#Network-card-injection-test). ## Prerequisites @@ -49,8 +55,9 @@ Our scripts were tested on Kali Linux and Ubuntu 20.04. To install the required Now clone this repository, build the tools, and configure a virtual python3 environment: - git clone git@bitbucket.org:vanhoefm/fragattack-scripts.git --recursive - cd fragattack-scripts + # **Self note: replace with real HTTP unauthenticated link on release** + git clone https://gitlab.com/aconf/wifi.git fragattack --recursive + cd fragattack ./build.sh cd research python3 -m venv venv @@ -65,7 +72,7 @@ The above instructions only have to be executed once. Install patched drivers: apt-get install bison flex linux-headers-$(uname -r) - git clone git@bitbucket.org:vanhoefm/fragattack-backports57.git + # **Self note: replace with real HTTP unauthenticated link on release instead of separate directory** cd fragattack-backports57.git make defconfig-experiments make -j 4 @@ -77,7 +84,9 @@ Install patched `ath9k_htc` firmware on Ubuntu: cp htc_9271.fw /lib/firmware/ath9k_htc/htc_9271-1.4.0.fw cp htc_7010.fw /lib/firmware/ath9k_htc/htc_7010-1.4.0.fw -**TODO: How to install patched ath9k_htc drivers.** +Note that the above directories depend on the specific Linux distribution you are running. +After installing the patched drivers you must reboot your system. The above instructions +have to be executed again if your Linix kernel got updated. ## Before every usage @@ -92,27 +101,27 @@ You should now disable Wi-Fi in your network manager so it will not interfere wi Our script can test both clients and APs: -- Testing APs: configure the AP you want to test by editing `research/client.conf`. This is a standard - `wpa_supplicant` configuration file, see the [hostap documentation] on how to edit it. +- Testing APs: **configure the AP you want to test** by editing `research/client.conf`. This is a + standard `wpa_supplicant` configuration file, see the [hostap documentation] on how to edit it. - Testing clients: you must execute the script with the extra `--ap` parameter. This instructs the script into creating an AP with as name **testnetwork** and password **abcdefgh**. Connect - to this network with the client you want to test. **By default the client must request an AP** - **using DHCP.** To edit properties of the created AP, such as the channel it's created on, you + to this network with the client you want to test. By default the client must request an IP + using DHCP. To edit properties of the created AP, such as the channel it's created on, you can edit `research/hostapd.conf`. -# Testing Modes +## Testing Modes -## Injection Mode +### Injection mode -This mode requires two devices: one will act as an AP or the client, and the other will be used to -inject frames. Execute the script in this mode using: +This mode requires two wireless network cards: one will act as an AP or the client, and the other +one will be used to inject frames. Execute the script in this mode using: ./fragattack wlan0 --inject wlan1 [--ap] $COMMAND Here interface wlan0 will act as a legitimate client or AP, and wlan1 will be used to inject -frames. For wlan0, any card that supports normal client or AP mode on Linux can be used. For wlan1, -a card must be used that supports injection mode according to [Supported Network Cards]. +frames. For wlan0, any card that supports normal client or AP mode on Linux can be used. For +wlan1, a card must be used that supports injection mode according to [Supported Network Cards](#Supported-Network-Cards). In case the tests do not seem to be working, you can confirm that injection is properly working using: @@ -123,18 +132,176 @@ properly injected. Note that both interfaces need to support monitor mode for th ### Mixed mode -This mode requires only one device. This disadvantage is that this mode requires a patched driver and/or firmware, -and that only a small amount of devices are supported. Execute the script in this mode using: +This mode requires only one wireless network card. This disadvantage is that this mode requires a patched +driver and/or firmware, and that only a small amount of network cards are supported. Execute the script +in this mode using: ./fragattack wlan0 [--ap] $COMMAND -**Reference how to compile and install backport drivers.** +See [Supported Network Cards](#Supported-Network-Cards) for network cards that support this mode. +For most network cards, this mode requires the installation of modified drivers and/or firmware. +See [Patched Drivers](#Patched-Drivers) on how to install our patched drivers/firmware. -### Hwsim mode (experimental) +### Hwsim mode -**TODO: This mode isn't useful for Intel/mvm since it's too unreliable... Bootable Live CD is better!** +This mode is experimental and only for research purposes. See [hwsim mode details](#Hwsim-mode-details) +for more information. -This mode requires only one device. The disadvantage is that this mode is the least reliable: + +## Testing for Vulnerabilities + +Before testing for vulnerabilities we recommand to execute the first five commands in the table +below. The first command performs a normal ping and can be used to confirm that the test setup +works. The second performs a fragmented ping, and the third can be used to determine how time- +sensitive attacks against the device would be. + +The commands that test for vulnerabilities are grouped by their type along with a reference to +the paper in which section the vulnerability is explained. + +| Command | Short description +| -------------------------------- | --------------------------------- +| `ping I,E` | Send a normal ping +| `ping I,E,E` | Send a normal fragmented ping +| `ping I,E,E --delay 5` | Send a normal fragmented ping with a 5 second delay between fragments +| `ping-frag-sep` | Send a normal fragmented ping with fragments separated by another frame +|
*A-MSDU attacks (Section 3)*
+| `ping I,E --amsdu` | Send a normal ping encapsulated in a normal A-MSDU frame. +| `ping I,E,E --amsdu` | Send a normal ping an a fragmented A-MSDU frame. +| `amsdu-inject` | Send a valid A-MSDU frame whose start is also a valid LLC/SNAP header. +| `amsdu-inject linux` | Same as above, but works against targets that incorrectly parse the frame. +|
*Mixed key attacks (Section 4)*
| +| `ping I,R,BE,AE` | Inject two fragments encrypted under a different key. +| `ping I,R,BE,AE --pn-per-qos` | Same as above, but also works if the target only accepts consecutive fragments. +|
*Cache attacks (Section 5)*
| +| `ping I,E,C,AE` | Inject a fragment, reconnect or as client _reassociate_, then inject second fragment. +| `ping I,E,C,E` | Same as above, but with a longer delay before sending the second fragment. +| `ping I,E,C,AE --full-reconnect` | Inject a fragment, reconnect, then inject second fragment. +| `ping I,E,C,E --full-reconnect` | Same as above, but with a longer delay before sending the second fragment. +|
*Non-consecutive (Section 6.2)*
| +| `ping I,E,E --inc-pn 2` | Send a fragmented ping with non-consecutive packet numbers. +|
*Mixed plain/enc (Section 6.3)*
| +| `ping I,E,P` | Send a fragmented ping: first fragment encrypted, second fragment in plaintext. +| `ping I,P,E` | Send a fragmented ping: first fragment in plaintext, send fragment encrypted. +| `ping I,P` | Send a plaintext ping. +| `ping I,P,P` | Send a fragmented ping: both fragments are sent in plaintext. +| `linux-plain` | Mixed plaintext/encrypted fragmentation attack specific to Linux. +|
*EAPOL forwarding (Section 6.4)*
| +| `eapol-inject 00:11:22:33:44:55` | Test if the AP forwards EAPOL frames before being connected. +|
*Broadcast fragments (Section 6.7)*
| +| `ping I,D,P --bcast-ra` | Send ping in a 2nd plaintext broadcasted fragment. +|
*EAPOL A-MSDUs (Section 6.8)*
| +| `eapol-amsdu BB` | Send A-MSDU frame disguised as EAPOL frame. Use tcpdump to check if vulnerable. +| `eapol-amsdu I,CC` | Same as above, except the frame is injected after obtaining an IP. +| `eapol-amsdu M,BB` | Send a malformed A-MSDU disguised as EAPOL. Use tcpdump to check if vulnerable. +| `eapol-amsdu M,I,CC` | Same as above, except the frame is injected after obtaining an IP. + +Notable remarks: + +- `ping I,E,E --delay 5`: this test is used to check the maximum accepted delay between two fragments. + If the default test doesn't work, try with `--delay 1.5` or lower. In case the maximum accepted delay + is low, this may impact other tests. In particular, all fragments sent in other tests must be sent + within the maximum delay, otherwise the test will trivially fail (and you might conclude a device + isn't vulnerable to an attack even though it might be). + +- _Mixed key attacks_: When running the mixed key test against an AP, the AP must be configured to + regularly renew the PTK by executing a new 4-way handshake (e.g. every 30 seconds or minute). Against + a low number of APs, the client can also request the AP to renew the PTK. This can be done by adding + the `--rekey-request` parameter. + + Home routers with a MediaTek driver will perform the rekey handshake in plaintext. To test these + devices, also add the `--rekey-plaintext` parameter. + + Certain clients install the key too early during a pairwise session rekey. To test these devices, + add the `--rekey-early-install` parameter and retry the test. + +In case the script doesn't appear to be working, check the following: + +1. Check that you are using modified drivers if needed for your wireless network card. + +2. Check that you are using modified firmware if needed for your wireless network card. + +3. Run the [injection tests](#Network-card-injection-test) to make sure injection is working properly. + +4. Check that you machine isn't generating background traffic that interferes with the tests. In + particular, disable networking in your OS, manually kill your DHCP client/server, etc. + +5. Confirm that you are connecting to the correct network. Double-check `client.conf`. + +6. Make sure the network is using (AES-)CCMP as the encryption algorithm. + +## Extended Vulnerability Tests + +Optionally you can also run more advanced tests. These have a lower chance of uncovering new vulnerabilities, +but against more exotic implementations these might reveal flaws that the normal tests could not detect. + +| Command | Short description +| ---------------------------------- | --------------------------------- +|
*Mixed key attacks (Section 4)*
+| `ping I,E,R,AE` | In case the delay between fragments must be small. +| `ping I,E,R,AE --rekey-plaintext` | If the device performs the rekey handshake in plaintext. +| `ping I,E,R,AE --rekey-req --rekey-plain`| Same as above, and actively request a rekey as client. +| `ping I,E,R,AE --rekey-early-install`| Install the new key before sending message 4 as an AP. +| `ping I,R,BE,AE --freebsd` | Mixed key attack against FreeBSD. +| `ping I,R,BE,E` | In case the new key is installed relatively late. +|
*Mixed plain/enc (Section 6.3)*
+| `ping I,E,P,E` | Ping with first frag. encrypted, second plaintext, third encrypted. +| `linux-plain 3` | Same as linux-plain but decoy fragment is sent using QoS priority 3. +|
*EAPOL forwarding (Section 6.4)*
+| `eapol-inject L,00:11:22:33:44:55` | Try to make the AP send fragmented frames by EAPOL injection. +|
*Broadcast fragments (Section 6.7)*
+| `ping D,SP --bcast-ra` | Ping in a 2nd plaintext broadcasted fragment before 4-way handshake. +| `ping D,BP --bcast-ra` | Ping in a 2nd plaintext broadcasted fragment during 4-way handshake. +| `ping I,P --bcast-ra` | Ping in a plaintext broadcast Wi-Fi frame after 4-way handshake. +| `macos CC` | Experimental attack against macos. +| `macos BB` | Same as above, but inject during 4-way handshake. +|
*EAPOL A-MSDUs (Section 6.8)*
+| `eapol-amsdu [M,]BB --bcast-dst` | Same as "eapol-amsdu [M,]BB" but ping is broadcasted. +| `eapol-amsdu [M,]I,CC --bcast-dst` | Same as "eapol-amsdu [M,]I,CC" but ping is broadcasted. +| `eapol-amsdu SS` | Same as "eapol-amsd BB" but inject frame before 4-way handshake. +| `eapol-amsdu AA` | Same as "eapol-amsd BB" but inject frame right after 4-way handshake. + +## Advanced Usage + +### Network card injection test + +The script `test-injection.py` can be used to test whether frames are properly injected when +using _injection mode_: + + ./test-injection.py wlan0 wlan1 + +Here we test if network card `wlan0` properly injects frames and we use network card `wlan1` +to monitor whether frames are properly injected. In case you do not have a second network +card, you can execute a partial injection test using: + + ./test-injection.py wlan0 + +Unfortunately, the above test can only test if the kernel overwrites fields of injected frames, +it cannot test whether the firmware or wireless chip itself overwrites fields. + +To test whether a network card properly injects frames in _mixed mode_, you can execute the +following two commands: + + ./fragattack wlan0 ping --inject-test wlan1 + ./fragattack wlan0 ping --inject-test wlan1 --ap + +Here we test whether `wlan0` properly injects frames by monitor the injected frames using the +second network card `wlan1`. The first command tests if frames are properly injected when using +mixed mode as a client, and the second when using mixed mode as a client. In order to start the +test, the client must be able to connect to a network, and the AP waits until a client is +connecting. In case you do not have a second network card, you can execute a partial mixed mode +test using: + + ./fragattack wlan0 ping --inject-selftest + ./fragattack wlan0 ping --inject-selftest --ap + +Unfortunately, the above tests can only test if the kernel overwrites fields of injected frames, +it cannot test whether the firmware or wireless chip itself overwrites fields. + +### Hwsim mode details + +**Warning**: *this is currently an experimental mode, only use it for research purposes.* + +This mode requires only one network card. The disadvantage is that this mode is the least reliable: - Frames are handled slower, possibly causing the tested client/AP to timeout during authentication or association. @@ -145,21 +312,19 @@ This mode requires only one device. The disadvantage is that this mode is the le - Frames are not properly acknowledged depending on the wireless network card, which causes some tested clients or APs to disconnect during authentication or association. -Nevertheless, the advantage is that is mode can, depending on the network card, be used without -patches to the driver and/or firmware. Before using this mode, create two virtual network cards: +Nevertheless, the advantage is that is mode requires only one wirelss network card and can, +depending on the network card, be used without patches to the driver and/or firmware. Before +using this mode, create two virtual network cards: ./hwsim.sh This will output the two created virtual "hwsim" interfaces, for example wlan1 and wlan2. Then search for the channel of the AP you want to test, and put the real network card on this channel: -**TODO: recommend channel 1-13?** -**TODO: do we also support AP mode? I suppose for patched ath9k_htc it does work.** ./scan.sh wlan0 iw wlan0 set type monitor ifconfig wlan0 up iw wlan0 set channel 11 - **TODO: sudo iw wlan0 set monitor otherbss. Does airmon-ng handle this better? Move to general section?** You can now start the script as follows: @@ -167,103 +332,7 @@ You can now start the script as follows: After the script executed, you can directly run it again with a new command. -## Testing for Vulnerabilities - -We recommend executing the following tests. The tests marked in bold correspond to vulnerabilities, -and the other tests are useful to understand the behaviour of the device under test. - -| Test | Command | Short description -| ---------------------- | ------------------------------ | --------------------------------- -| Normal ping | ping I,E | Send a normal ping -| Fragmented ping | ping I,E,E | Send a fragmented ping -| Fragmentation timeout | ping I,E,E --delay 5 | Send a fragmented ping with a 5s delay between fragments -| **Non-consecutive** | ping I,E,E --inc-pn 2 | Send a fragmented ping with non-consecutive packet numbers. -| Seperator | ping-frag-sep | Send a fragmented ping with fragments separated by a normal frame -| **Mixed key** | ping I,R,BE,AE | As client wait for rekey and as AP force rekey, then encrypt fragments under different keys. -| | ping I,R,BE,AE --pn-per-qos | Same as above, except it also work when the device doesn't accept non-consecutive fragments. -| **Cache Poison** | ping I,E,C,AE | Inject a fragment, as client _reassociate_ and as AP force tested client to reconnect, then inject second fragment. -| | ping I,E,C,E | Same as above, except there is a longer delay before sending the second fragment. -| | ping I,E,C,AE --full-reconnect | Inject a fragment, as client _reconnect_ and as AP force tested client to reconnect, then inject second fragment. -| | ping I,E,C,E --full-reconnect | Same as above, except there is a longer delay before sending the second fragment. -| **A-MSDU** | ping I,E --amsdu | Send a normal ping encapsulated in a normal A-MSDU frame. -| | ping I,E,E --amsdu | Send a normal ping an a fragmented A-MSDU frame. -| | amsdu-inject | Send a valid A-MSDU frame whose start is also a valid LLC/SNAP header. -| | amsdu-inject linux | Send an invalid A-MSDU frame whose start is also a valid LLC/SNAP header (frame treated as valid by Linux/FreeBSD). -| **Mixed Plain/Enc** | ping I,E,P | Send a fragmented ping: first fragment encrypted, second fragment in plaintext. -| | ping I,P,E | Send a fragmented ping: first fragment in plaintext, send fragment encrypted. -| | ping I,P | Send a plaintext ping. -| | ping I,P,P | Send a fragmented ping: both fragments are sent in plaintext. -| **Linux Plain/Enc** | linux-plain | Mixed plaintext/encrypted fragmentation attack specific to Linux. -| **EAPOL A-MSDU** | eapol-amsdu BB | Send A-MSDU frame disguised as EAPOL frame. Run tcpdump on target to check if vulnerable. -| | eapol-amsdu I,CC | Same as above, except the frame is injected after being connected and obtaining an IP. -| | eapol-amsdu M,BB | Send a malformed A-MSDU frame disguised as EAPOL frame. Use tcpdump to check if vulnerable. -| | eapol-amsdu M,I,CC | Same as above, except the frame is injected after being connected and obtaining an IP. -| **Broadcast ping** | ping I,D,P --bcast-ra | Send ping inside the second plaintext fragment of a broadcast Wi-Fi frame (no 1st fragment is sent). -| **EAPOL Injection** | eapol-inject 00:11:22:33:44:55 | **TODO** - -Optionally you can also run more advanced tests. These have a lower chance of uncovering vulnerabilities, -but against more exotic implementations that might work (while the above tests could fail). - -| Test | Command | Short description -| ---------------------- | ------------------------------- | --------------------------------- -| **Mixed key** | ping I,E,R,AE | **Inspired by MediaTek case** -| | ping I,E,R,AE --rekey-plaintext | Mixed key attack against MediaTek -| | ping I,E,R,AE --rekey-request --rekey-plaintext | Mixed key attack against MediaTek -| | ping I,E,R,AE --rekey-early-install | **TODO** -| | ping I,R,BE,AE --freebsd | Mixed key attack against FreeBSD -| | ping I,R,BE,E | **If the new key is installed late (observed with AWUS036ACH on Kali). Other variants?** -| **Mixed Plain/Enc** | ping I,E,P,E | Send a fragmented ping: first fragment encrypted, second plaintext, third encrypted. -| | linux-plain 3 | Mixed plaintext/encrypted fragmentation attack, decoy fragment is sent using QoS TID 3. -| **EAPOL A-MSDU** | eapol-amsdu [M,]BB --bcast-dst | Same as "eapol-amsdu [M,]BB" but ping is broadcasted. To test AP, check if a 2nd client receives the ping. -| | eapol-amsdu [M,]I,CC --bcast-dst| Same as "eapol-amsdu [M,]I,CC" but ping is broadcasted. To test AP, check if a 2nd client receives the ping. -| | eapol-amsdu SS | -| | eapol-amsdu AA | -| **MacOS Plain Inject** | macos CC | **TODO: Still usefull?** Fragmented EAPOL attack (notably works against MacOS). Run tcpdump on target to check if vulnerable. -| | macos BB | Fragmented EAPOL attack (notably works against MacOS). Run tcpdump on target to check if vulnerable. -| **Broadcast ping** | ping D,SP --bcast-ra | Send ping inside two plaintext fragments of a broadcast Wi-Fi frame. Use tcpdump to check if vulnerable. -| | ping D,BP --bcast-ra | Send ping inside two plaintext fragments of a broadcast Wi-Fi frame. Use tcpdump to check if vulnerable. -| | ping I,P --bcast-ra | Send ping inside a plaintext broadcast Wi-Fi frame. -| **EAPOL Injection** | eapol-inject L,00:11:22:33:44:55 | **TODO: Can we force fragmentation?** - - -Details remarks: - -- Fragmentation timeout: this test is used to check the maximum accepted delay between two fragments. - If the default test doesn't work, try with `--delay 2` or lower. In case the maximum accepted delay - is low, this may impact other tests. **All fragments sent in other tests must be sent within the** - **maximum delay, otherwise the test will automatically fail (and you might conclude a device isn't.** - **vulnerable to an attack even though it might be.** - -- When running the mixed key test against an AP, the AP must be configured to regularly renew the PTK - by executing a new 4-way handshake (e.g. every 30 seconds or minute). Against a low number of APs, - the client can also request the AP to renew the PTK. This can be done by adding the `--rekey-request` - parameter. - - Home routers with a MediaTek driver will perform the rekey handshake in plaintext. To test these - devices, also add the `--rekey-plaintext` parameter. - - **Against unknown devices,** the PTK will be installed too early. To test these devices, add the - `--rekey-early-install` parameter and retry the test. - -In case you are testing a device which should be vulnerable, but the script doesn't detect that -it's vulnerable, double check the following things: - -1. Check that you are using modified drivers if needed for your wireless network card. - -2. Check that you are using modified firmware if needed for your wireless network card. - -3. Run the [device injection tests] to make sure injection is working properly. - -4. Check that he machine that executes the script doesn't generate background traffic that might interfere with - the tests. In particular, remember to disable network in your OS, manually kill your DHCP client/server, etc. - -5. Confirm that you are connecting to the correct network. Double-check `client.conf`. - -6. Make sure the network is using (AES-)CCMP as the encryption algorithm. - -# Advanced Usage - -## Static IP Configuration +### Static IP Configuration In case the device you are testing doesn't support DHCP, you can manually specify the IP addresses that the script should use. For example: @@ -274,9 +343,7 @@ Here the testing script will use address 192.168.100.10, and it will inject a pi to the peer IP address 192.168.100.1. - - -# TODOs +## TODOs - Confirm each device can detect all vulnerabilities in the recommended modes. @@ -290,12 +357,7 @@ to the peer IP address 192.168.100.1. - Release a known vulnerable linux image to test against? Essential to confirm the tests are working! +- sudo iw wlan0 set monitor otherbss. Does airmon-ng handle this better? Move to general section? -## Live CD - -- Boot Ubuntu with exactly the same kernel as the live CD -- Install the scripts -- Buil the backport drivers -- Run `depmod` manually -- Continue +- Describe AP mode in hwsim mode?