fragattacks/doc/testing_tools.doxygen

/**
\page testing_tools Testing and development tools

[ \ref eapol_test "eapol_test" |
\ref preauth_test "preauth_test" |
\ref driver_test "driver_test" |
\ref unit_tests "Unit tests" |
\ref wpa_trace "Tracing code" ]

%wpa_supplicant source tree includes number of testing and development
tools that make it easier to test the programs without having to setup
a full test setup with wireless cards. In addition, these tools can be
used to implement automatic tests suites.

\section eapol_test eapol_test - EAP peer and RADIUS client testing

eapol_test is a program that links together the same EAP peer
implementation that %wpa_supplicant is using and the RADIUS
authentication client code from hostapd. In addition, it has minimal
glue code to combine these two components in similar ways to IEEE
802.1X/EAPOL Authenticator state machines. In other words, it
integrates IEEE 802.1X Authenticator (normally, an access point) and
IEEE 802.1X Supplicant (normally, a wireless client) together to
generate a single program that can be used to test EAP methods without
having to setup an access point and a wireless client.

The main uses for eapol_test are in interoperability testing of EAP
methods against RADIUS servers and in development testing for new EAP
methods. It can be easily used to automate EAP testing for
interoperability and regression since the program can be run from
shell scripts without require additional test components apart from a
RADIUS server. For example, the automated EAP tests described in
eap_testing.txt are implemented with eapol_test. Similarly, eapol_test
could be used to implement an automated regression test suite for a
RADIUS authentication server.

eapol_test uses the same build time configuration file, .config, as
%wpa_supplicant. This file is used to select which EAP methods are
included in eapol_test. This program is not built with the default
Makefile target, so a separate make command needs to be used to
compile the tool:

\verbatim
make eapol_test
\endverbatim

The resulting eapol_test binary has following command like options:

\verbatim
usage:
eapol_test [-nWS] -c<conf> [-a<AS IP>] [-p<AS port>] [-s<AS secret>] \
           [-r<count>] [-t<timeout>] [-C<Connect-Info>] \
           [-M<client MAC address>]
eapol_test scard
eapol_test sim <PIN> <num triplets> [debug]

options:
  -c<conf> = configuration file
  -a<AS IP> = IP address of the authentication server, default 127.0.0.1
  -p<AS port> = UDP port of the authentication server, default 1812
  -s<AS secret> = shared secret with the authentication server, default 'radius'
  -r<count> = number of re-authentications
  -W = wait for a control interface monitor before starting
  -S = save configuration after authentiation
  -n = no MPPE keys expected
  -t<timeout> = sets timeout in seconds (default: 30 s)
  -C<Connect-Info> = RADIUS Connect-Info (default: CONNECT 11Mbps 802.11b)
  -M<client MAC address> = Set own MAC address (Calling-Station-Id,
                           default: 02:00:00:00:00:01)
\endverbatim


As an example,
\verbatim
eapol_test -ctest.conf -a127.0.0.1 -p1812 -ssecret -r1
\endverbatim
tries to complete EAP authentication based on the network
configuration from test.conf against the RADIUS server running on the
local host. A re-authentication is triggered to test fast
re-authentication. The configuration file uses the same format for
network blocks as %wpa_supplicant.


\section preauth_test preauth_test - WPA2 pre-authentication and EAP peer testing

preauth_test is similar to eapol_test in the sense that in combines
EAP peer implementation with something else, in this case, with WPA2
pre-authentication. This tool can be used to test pre-authentication
based on the code that %wpa_supplicant is using. As such, it tests
both the %wpa_supplicant implementation and the functionality of an
access point.

preauth_test is built with:

\verbatim
make preauth_test
\endverbatim

and it uses following command line arguments:

\verbatim
usage: preauth_test <conf> <target MAC address> <ifname>
\endverbatim

For example,
\verbatim
preauth_test test.conf 02:11:22:33:44:55 eth0
\endverbatim
would use network configuration from test.conf to try to complete
pre-authentication with AP using BSSID 02:11:22:33:44:55. The
pre-authentication packets would be sent using the eth0 interface.


\section driver_test driver_test - driver interface for testing wpa_supplicant

%wpa_supplicant was designed to support number of different ways to
communicate with a network device driver. This design uses \ref
driver_wrapper "driver interface API" and number of driver interface
implementations. One of these is driver_test.c, i.e., a test driver
interface that is actually not using any drivers. Instead, it provides
a mechanism for running %wpa_supplicant without having to have a
device driver or wireless LAN hardware for that matter.

driver_test can be used to talk directly with hostapd's driver_test
component to create a test setup where one or more clients and access
points can be tested within one test host and without having to have
multiple wireless cards. This makes it easier to test the core code in
%wpa_supplicant, and hostapd for that matter. Since driver_test uses
the same driver API than any other driver interface implementation,
the core code of %wpa_supplicant and hostapd can be tested with the
same coverage as one would get when using real wireless cards. The
only area that is not tested is the driver interface implementation
(driver_*.c).

Having the possibility to use simulated network components makes it
much easier to do development testing while adding new features and to
reproduce reported bugs. As such, it is often easiest to just do most
of the development and bug fixing without using real hardware. Once
the driver_test setup has been used to implement a new feature or fix
a bug, the end result can be verified with wireless LAN cards. In many
cases, this may even be unnecessary, depending on what area the
feature/bug is relating to. Of course, changes to driver interfaces
will still require use of real hardware.

Since multiple components can be run within a single host, testing of
complex network configuration, e.g., large number of clients
association with an access point, becomes quite easy. All the tests
can also be automated without having to resort to complex test setup
using remote access to multiple computers.

driver_test can be included in the %wpa_supplicant build in the same
way as any other driver interface, i.e., by adding the following line
into .config:

\verbatim
CONFIG_DRIVER_TEST=y
\endverbatim

When running %wpa_supplicant, the test interface is selected by using
\a -Dtest command line argument. The interface name (\a -i argument)
can be selected arbitrarily, i.e., it does not need to match with any
existing network interface. The interface name is used to generate a
MAC address, so when using multiple clients, each should use a
different interface, e.g., \a sta1, \a sta2, and so on.

%wpa_supplicant and hostapd are configured in the same way as they
would be for normal use. Following example shows a simple test setup
for WPA-PSK.

hostapd is configured with following psk-test.conf configuration file:

\verbatim
driver=test

interface=ap1
logger_stdout=-1
logger_stdout_level=0
debug=2
dump_file=/tmp/hostapd.dump

test_socket=/tmp/Test/ap1

ssid=jkm-test-psk

wpa=1
wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
wpa_pairwise=TKIP
wpa_passphrase=12345678
\endverbatim

and started with following command:

\verbatim
hostapd psk-test.conf
\endverbatim

%wpa_supplicant uses following configuration file:

\verbatim
driver_param=test_socket=/tmp/Test/ap1

network={
    ssid="jkm-test-psk"
    key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
    psk="12345678"
}
\endverbatim

%wpa_supplicant can then be started with following command:

\verbatim
wpa_supplicant -Dtest -cpsk-test.conf -ista1 -ddK
\endverbatim

If run without debug information, i.e., with

\verbatim
wpa_supplicant -Dtest -cpsk-test.conf -ista1
\endverbatim

%wpa_supplicant completes authentication and prints following events:

\verbatim
Trying to associate with 02:b8:a6:62:08:5a (SSID='jkm-test-psk' freq=0 MHz)
Associated with 02:b8:a6:62:08:5a
WPA: Key negotiation completed with 02:b8:a6:62:08:5a [PTK=TKIP GTK=TKIP]
CTRL-EVENT-CONNECTED - Connection to 02:b8:a6:62:08:5a completed (auth)
\endverbatim

If test setup is using multiple clients, it is possible to run
multiple %wpa_supplicant processes. Alternatively, the support for
multiple interfaces can be used with just one process to save some
resources on single-CPU systems. For example, following command runs
two clients:

\verbatim
./wpa_supplicant -Dtest -cpsk-test.conf -ista1 \
	-N -Dtest -cpsk-test.conf -ista2
\endverbatim

This shows following event log:

\verbatim
Trying to associate with 02:b8:a6:62:08:5a (SSID='jkm-test-psk' freq=0 MHz)
Associated with 02:b8:a6:62:08:5a
WPA: Key negotiation completed with 02:b8:a6:62:08:5a [PTK=TKIP GTK=TKIP]
CTRL-EVENT-CONNECTED - Connection to 02:b8:a6:62:08:5a completed (auth)
Trying to associate with 02:b8:a6:62:08:5a (SSID='jkm-test-psk' freq=0 MHz)
Associated with 02:b8:a6:62:08:5a
WPA: Key negotiation completed with 02:b8:a6:62:08:5a [PTK=TKIP GTK=TKIP]
CTRL-EVENT-CONNECTED - Connection to 02:b8:a6:62:08:5a completed (auth)
\endverbatim

hostapd shows this with following events:

\verbatim
ap1: STA 02:b5:64:63:30:63 IEEE 802.11: associated
ap1: STA 02:b5:64:63:30:63 WPA: pairwise key handshake completed (WPA)
ap1: STA 02:b5:64:63:30:63 WPA: group key handshake completed (WPA)
ap1: STA 02:2a:c4:18:5b:f3 IEEE 802.11: associated
ap1: STA 02:2a:c4:18:5b:f3 WPA: pairwise key handshake completed (WPA)
ap1: STA 02:2a:c4:18:5b:f3 WPA: group key handshake completed (WPA)
\endverbatim

By default, driver_param is simulating a driver that uses the WPA/RSN
IE generated by %wpa_supplicant. Driver-generated IE and AssocInfo
events can be tested by adding \a use_associnfo=1 to the \a driver_param
line in the configuration file. For example:

\verbatim
driver_param=test_socket=/tmp/Test/ap1 use_associnfo=1
\endverbatim


\section unit_tests Unit tests

Number of the components (.c files) used in %wpa_supplicant define
their own unit tests for automated validation of the basic
functionality. Most of the tests for cryptographic algorithms are
using standard test vectors to validate functionality. These tests can
be useful especially when verifying port to a new CPU target.

The test programs are collected in the tests subdirectory. All
automated unit tests can be run with

\verbatim
make run-tests
\endverbatim

This make target builds and runs each test and terminates with zero
exit code if all tests were completed successfully.


\section wpa_trace Tracing code for developer debuggin

%wpa_supplicant and hostapd can be built with tracing code that will
track and analyze memory allocations and other resource registrations
and certain API uses. If incorrect use is detected, a backtrace of the
call location (and/or allocation location) is shown. This can also be
used to detect certain categories of memory leaks and report them
automatically when the program is terminated. The report will also
include information about forgotten eloop events.

The trace code can be enabled with CONFIG_WPA_TRACE=y build
option. More verbose backtrace information can be generated if libbfd
is available and the binaries are not stripped of symbol
information. This is enabled with CONFIG_WPA_TRACE_BFD=y.

For example, a memory leak (forgotten os_free() call) would show up
like this when the program is terminated:

\verbatim
MEMLEAK[0x82d200]: len 128
WPA_TRACE: memleak - START
[0]: ./wpa_supplicant(os_malloc+0x59) [0x41a5e9]
     os_malloc() ../src/utils/os_unix.c:359
[1]: ./wpa_supplicant(os_zalloc+0x16) [0x41a676]
     os_zalloc() ../src/utils/os_unix.c:418
[2]: ./wpa_supplicant(wpa_supplicant_init+0x38) [0x48b508]
     wpa_supplicant_init() wpa_supplicant.c:2315
[3]: ./wpa_supplicant(main+0x2f3) [0x491073]
     main() main.c:252
WPA_TRACE: memleak - END
MEMLEAK: total 128 bytes
\endverbatim

Another type of error that can be detected is freeing of memory area
that was registered for some use and is still be referenced:

\verbatim
WPA_TRACE: Freeing referenced memory - START
[2]: ./wpa_supplicant(os_free+0x5c) [0x41a53c]
     os_free() ../src/utils/os_unix.c:411
[3]: ./wpa_supplicant(wpa_supplicant_remove_iface+0x30) [0x48b380]
     wpa_supplicant_remove_iface() wpa_supplicant.c:2259
[4]: ./wpa_supplicant(wpa_supplicant_deinit+0x20) [0x48b3e0]
     wpa_supplicant_deinit() wpa_supplicant.c:2430
[5]: ./wpa_supplicant(main+0x357) [0x4910d7]
     main() main.c:276
WPA_TRACE: Freeing referenced memory - END
WPA_TRACE: Reference registration - START
[1]: ./wpa_supplicant [0x41c040]
     eloop_trace_sock_add_ref() ../src/utils/eloop.c:94
[2]: ./wpa_supplicant(wpa_supplicant_ctrl_iface_deinit+0x17) [0x473247]
     wpa_supplicant_ctrl_iface_deinit() ctrl_iface_unix.c:436
[3]: ./wpa_supplicant [0x48b21c]
     wpa_supplicant_cleanup() wpa_supplicant.c:378
     wpa_supplicant_deinit_iface() wpa_supplicant.c:2155
[4]: ./wpa_supplicant(wpa_supplicant_remove_iface+0x30) [0x48b380]
     wpa_supplicant_remove_iface() wpa_supplicant.c:2259
[5]: ./wpa_supplicant(wpa_supplicant_deinit+0x20) [0x48b3e0]
     wpa_supplicant_deinit() wpa_supplicant.c:2430
[6]: ./wpa_supplicant(main+0x357) [0x4910d7]
     main() main.c:276
WPA_TRACE: Reference registration - END
Aborted
\endverbatim

This type of error results in showing backtraces for both the location
where the incorrect freeing happened and the location where the memory
area was marked referenced.

*/